Sunday, September 22, 2013

Kathmandu, September 22, 2013

Wake up call at 7 a.m.  Wonderful buffet breakfast; kind omelet man made me an egg-free pancake.  Table full of monks from the Boudha Stupa across the street, dressed in marigold and burgundy robes.  I was reminiscing with Joe about the smells and sounds of these places we visit that feel so very far away from everything we are familiar with.  A kind of loamy, smokey, spicy smell, with traffic, honking, dogs barking and chickens calling.



Looking out over Kathmandu gives one a sense of this special place.  Clearly still a developing nation, it manages to carry its own beauty.  Temples, monasteries, bright colors, prayer flags, and foothills all around.  Then when the clouds part in the right place, one gets a glimpse of the massive mountains that dominate the horizon in the north.


















I love this concept many hotels have around the world.  You must put your room key/card into the slot for the room to power it up.  To leave the room, when you take your key, everything will be turned off.  A way to save energy, why not?



Changing hotels – now at Hotel Tibet.  We dropped our bags off at the new hotel.  The hotel we have moved to did not have enough rooms for us the first night, so that was why the switch.
Also a beautiful hotel; everything seems to have ornate hand-carved trim, as is the style everywhere.  The colors are bright and beautiful in this town, and the color marigold seems to dominate as it is considered a holy color.  This is true in the hotel as well; although it is a bright color, it works.












Shankar picked us all up at the hotel, and we made the short drive to the original hospital at which he works, the Model Hospital.  This was our first chance to really view the city as we drove.  Motor bikes, buses, trucks, small cars by companies we know but models we don’t get in the U.S., pedestrians carrying loads, and potholes fill the roads.  Most of the roads seem unpaved and dusty, which adds to the heat.  Rows of small shops - specializing in any variety of items - where the families live in the back and work in the front.  Electrical wiring that boggles the mind how it is maintained or even functions.  Every now and then a bicycle appears with a cute face we can enjoy.  Crowded and chaotic.  The short drive takes us a long time to make.









Model Hospital has 100 beds and services all kinds of patients, surgical and medical.  It has an emergency room, maternity ward, intensive care, and pediatrics.  Does it all.  Shankar started his work here, which has now grown enough that he managed to raise interest in another hospital in Kirtipur, which is being built as we speak.  He did mention at one ward that the patients pay for their care – they  must register and pay what they can up front.  It is important to know the magnitude of the prices however; an overnight stay in a room is about US $5 for example.


Dr. Shankar Rai is one of those amazing visionaries who partners with Resurge, and often with their help – whether just financial or also with teams – manages to bring needed care to the poor.  As he is a plastic surgeon, trained in his home country of Nepal but also at the University of Utah, he mostly takes care of facial and extremity deformities and burns.  He understands his people and the limits of their medical system, but also understands the technology and ideas offered by our medical system, and he brings those ideas when he can.  We have a lot to learn from this man who sees the need for care and will let no obstacle stop his determination to help the poorest people in his country.

Shankar has set up a network of hospitals and clinics.  There are about seven or so, and if he needs to he brings his workers from one place to the other to be sure to staff and provide care in each location.  The largest area covered by a clinic is the west, which is the poorest and least populated, as well as a breeding ground for the Maoist insurgents who recruit from the poor and disenfranchised.  The scope of his work and the reach of his effort is awe-inspiring.  There are many NGOs and donors involved from all over the world, as well as assistance from the government in his efforts.  I am still trying to wrap my mind around all that he does.

After our brief tour, we pile back in the van and make the long drive to Kirtipur to tour the hospital Shankar is having built.  It is another bouncy ride through new parts of town, evasive maneuvering by the driver, and attempts by the team to stay hydrated.  We finally arrive and see  where we will do most of our educating and work while we are here.

The hospital is mostly under construction, with piles of bricks, rebar, and construction debris in various areas.  There is enough finished however, to give one a sense of what an amazing place this will be.  There is a beautiful library with medical books of all kinds, which could use some updating to new editions, but it is a start.  There is a cafeteria underway, which will provide food for the various patients and families, many of whom must wait at the hospital for weeks while their child is nourished to a safer level in preparation for surgery.  They are hoping to grow all the food needed on the grounds with the help of the community and the local university.  Bio waste material is gathered and funneled into an underground dome where it ferments and provides biofuel that will power the hospital and nourish the garden.  Everywhere we walk, we hear of a new dream and a great idea – housing for families and volunteers, lecture hall for providers and visiting medical professionals, occupational therapy for ongoing rehabilitation, and an area for the other children of families to play and be safe.  There are so many devoted people and dreams here that I am weak in the knees.


Finally I get to watch a surgery underway.  Dr. Dev, the anesthesiologist who works here, is an inspiration in his own way.  He gets about $5 a day, and works here 3 days a week – Sunday, Tuesday, and Friday, which are the surgery days here.  They hope to get up to six ORs and fill the schedule, but things are just starting up.  Dr. Dev has another job at the Model hospital, and he and another anesthesiologist share the work alternating a week at a time.  Dr. Dev has two anesthesia assistants, and there are some surgery residents and plastic surgery fellows who watch and learn from Dr. Shankar.  Add another hat to his list.
The ORs are very well equipped, but as often happens with well-intended donations, most of the anesthesia machines and monitors have small but crippling issues that need to be fixed.  Without the knowledge or parts, they must do as best as they can with what they have and avoid questionable functions such as the ventilator because of possible patient injury.  There are six anesthesia machines that each have some kind of failure – ventilator will not work, vaporizers do not deliver gas – and they will need to be fixed if the six ORs are to one day materialize.  A good Datex-Omeda technician would go a long way to help them with this problem.  An HP monitor person could come as well to keep him company…


We meet a child with a cleft palate and her family.  She has had pneumonia and her surgery must be postponed for some time on antibiotics and some time to heal, six weeks in total.  They will go home and return at that time to see if she can be cleared for surgery at that time.  Shankar spends a lot of time explaining to the family – they bring their child to be helped, not to be harmed.  He also walks a fine balance of needing the best outcomes he can get, although he does not have this discussion with the family.  The local people do not like it when one of their own is harmed, and have come out to stone this new hospital before.  Not trusting the system to deliver justice, they take matters into their own hands.  As a new entity, this hospital must come to be viewed as a benefit and a haven for those who live in this area.  With a cleft palate which impairs swallowing and probably a smoke-filled home, the obstacles for getting this child readied are great and the risks are high if she is not strong and well.

Another child is shown to us who is being nourished for necessary weight gain and general well-being before having her cleft repaired.  Malnourishment is a problem in any poor country, and the added struggle of a child who may not be accepted into a community is a stressful burden for these families to bear.  A special cereal/gruel, sourced from Unicef, is mixed and given by the families to the children.  Weight, blood count, and other parameters are followed to guide the care.  This is pre-operative preparation like I have never seen before, yet somehow each child’s needs are met and the difficulties are remedied.  It is never if, but how.

Finally we watch Shankar have a small clinic and see patients for Tuesday.  He shares with us what he would plan to prepare for each procedure.  The room is filled with much apprehension from the families, but much hope from us all.

Long, bouncy ride home.  We are all jet-lagged, hungry, thirsty, and fatigued, and restore ourselves with a meal and a few shared beers at the hotel.  We discuss and plan for our lectures and time here.  There is much we can do to help the wheels keep turning on this project, and we ready ourselves to dive in.

Friday, September 20, 2013

Kathmandu - Saturday 9/21; Hong Kong

Long but uneventful flight to Hong Kong.  The seven of us on the team are together now - two PACU nurses, ICU burn specialist nurse, hand therapist, circulating RN, team coordinator, and me.  Very qualified teaching team; ought to be gratifying.





We are leaving for Kathmandu tonight; just in time to miss the "Super Typhoon" heading this way:
http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1312965/super-typhoon-usagi-worlds-strongest-storm-2013-heading-hong-kong











Arrival:

The flight into KTM was uneventful, but it was full.  At least the people in my area seemed a bit pushy, and all the overhead bins were filled with backpacks and other extra items.  Usually as we travel further into the hinterlands, the crowds become more uniform and English more rare.  I suppose because of the attraction to trekkers, there were many nationalities and languages.  Occasionally a very tall man with waist-long dreadlocks and a large torso would loom over the crowd with his backpack of water bottles, sleeping equipment, and climbing gear.  Luckily my bag fit under the seat in front of me, so I didn’t have to battle for overhead space.

When we arrived, I was so hustled out of space by the guy next to me trying to get out to about eight travelers he was with, that I had to climb onto my seat with my bag.  We walked down a long covered gangway to buses that came to pick us up.  It took about four busloads to get us all to the terminal.  I sense the concept of space is not the same as what we are used to.

Walking into the terminal there were many trivia signs overhead – “Nepal opened its borders to the outside world in 1950”, “Nepal has over 250 mountains that are over 6000 feet tall”, and so on.  Very proud images of peaks and valleys, maps, and lists of famous trekkers.

The terminal has not been modernized, and had one long looping baggage carousel with rubber flaps at one end where the bags would appear, and at the other end where they make another round to the outside.  For some reason many of the bags had been brought in by hand and were piled in the middle of the floor, so we had to watch the carousel as well as sort through the pile.  I found my bag upside down on the floor with the red flap covered, so it took me awhile to recognize it.  There seemed to be a limited number of carts, and I can only imagine that arriving with a quantity of bags and boxes would be a challenge.

To enter the country, we each needed our passports of course, but also a small slip of paper with our information on it as well as a larger visa application.   We all got copies of a visa form to fill out, but the one at the airport was a different one.  With this paper work in hand and $25 US, we stood in one line to pay and get a receipt and then another to be processed and admitted.  There were three men in a row on each side of the entry way, and they stapled and shuffled papers in a very slow process.  We did not mention anywhere that we were a medical group, but rather individual tourists/visitors.  This saves potential snags that could be complicated and also unnecessary as we are really functioning as medical educators rather than providers.

There was one place to change money inside the terminal area, but we didn’t need any local currency at that point.  There was another outside the baggage area on our walk out.  I don’t think anyone changed money at this point.

Huge crowds as we often see were swarming at the airport exit.  There are some sloping areas to the sidewalks and some narrow areas that made it a big hard to maneuver bags and carts, but we made it out to an open parking area where we met our host, Shankar.  We all piled into a van and off to the hotel.
Hotel Tibet International is nice enough; the lobby was a bit dimly lit and once we all checked in and made our way upstairs all the lights were turned out.  It was about midnight, but clearly it was not an area where we could spend time.  There is internet service, but it must be purchased separately.  I went into the lobby and used a computer to send a quick message home.  I had asked if it was for general use and the manager said yes, but when I went down I noticed the desk said “travel agent” so I kept it quick.

There is bottled water for us in the room, as well as a water boiler and some instant coffee and tea.  But who has the desire?  Off to bed for me.

Monday, September 9, 2013

Kathmandu, Nepal September 9, 2013

This trip with Resurge is a unique format.  We are not traveling with the 30-odd boxes that we normally of monitors, supplies, surgical kits, and other equipment.  These boxes require baby-sitting, cumbersome hours in customs, and beaucoup dollars in cargo costs.  Never mind the back-breaking task of loading and hauling them around...

This trip is more of an education clinical trip.  We hope to work very closely with the local teams, acting as little voices over their shoulders, watching how they do what they do, and adding input where we can.  We will work side-by-side with Dr. Shankar Man Rai, and we will do fewer procedures than usual to allow time to teach and discuss each case.  I'm sure the learning will go both ways; I love the tips and tricks I pick up from our international colleagues who are always so gracious at sharing their space and techniques.

Nepal is a landlocked democratic republic of about 57,000 square miles (about the size of Iowa).  It is a small country - 93rd in the world by land mass - but the 41st most populous.  It is in the Himalayas, with 240 peaks over 20,000 feet above sea level.  It has eight of the ten tallest mountains in the world, including the tallest - Mount Everest.  The country is bordered by China (Tibetan Autonomous Region) to the north and India to south, east, and west.  Nepal is believed to be at least 2500 years old, with the birth of Buddha at about that time.

Most Nepalis are Hindu (more than 80%), with Shiva regarded as the guardian diety.  Nine percent are Buddhist, with Islam and Christianity at 4.4 and 1.4% respectively.  About 47% speak Nepali, which derives from Sanskrit.

There has been turmoil in Nepal's history, including war with the British East India company and a civil war in 1996 between the republic and the Maoist Communist group.  In 2006 the King relinquished sovereign power to the people and it became a secular state, ending Nepal's status as a Hindu Kingdom.  The palace was turned over as a public museum.  There still remain political tensions and power battles.

Health care services are improving, but many public health issues remain.  Less than 40% of households are reported to have a toilet and well or hand-pump drinking water is the source for half of households.  Life expectancy is about 66 years, and disease prevalence is higher than other South Asian countries, especially in rural areas.  There are gastrointestinal diseases, parasites, TB, and even leprosy.  Malnutrition is high with about 1/2 of children under 5 years small for age.

Kathmandu is the largest city and capital of Nepal, with just under one million inhabitants.  It is at about 4600 feet altitude.  One of its sister cities is Eugene, Oregon.  Kathmandu's airport is notorious  for being the most dangerous in the world - this pointed out to me by one of my colleagues the day before leaving.

Packing for this trip ought to be easy as we do not have to haul as much stuff.  I am bringing personal items I use in anesthesia, and anything I think may be of interest or use to other colleagues.  We have to go with open eyes and a clean slate of expectations, and see what this team can do when stripped of our "security boxes".  It ought to be fun.

Passport, visa photos, extra cash, toothbrush - check!